Electric vehicle charging system with priority charging

ABSTRACT

A first controller can be coupled to a main power supply and deliver a first charging current to an electric vehicle (EV) at a first charging station. The first controller can also deliver power to a second controller that can provide a second charging current to an EV at a second charging station. The first controller turns off the power to the second controller in response to determining that there is an EV charging at the first charging station, and turns on the power to the second controller only in response to determining that an EV is not charging at the first charging station.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/222,813, titled “An Electric Vehicle Charging System,” filed on Jul. 28, 2016, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/263,564, titled “Multiple Vehicle Charging Stations Per Power Circuit and Time Multiplexing Charging Method,” filed on Dec. 4, 2015, both of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety. This application is related to the copending applications U.S. application Ser. Nos. 15/222,841 and 15/222,856, titled “An Electric Vehicle Charging Method” and “An Electric Vehicle Charging System Interface,” respectively, both filed on Jul. 28, 2016, and both incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

Electric vehicles (EVs) rely on batteries that periodically need to be charged. EV owners can readily charge their vehicles at home, where they have exclusive access to home charging stations or electrical outlets. But when away from home, EV owners rely on and have to share charging stations in public or private places such as workplaces, shopping centers, movie venues, restaurants, and hotels.

The demand for charging stations is increasing as the number of EVs continues to increase. Businesses are starting to add charging stations to their parking lots as a perk for their employees and customers. Also, some local governments are mandating that businesses add charging stations.

Thus, whether driven by consumer demand or government mandate, more charging stations are being installed outside the home. However, the cost of a charging station (hardware, including dedicated power lines, and installation) is relatively high and is usually borne by the business owner. Accordingly, a solution that reduces the cost of charging stations would be valuable, by lessening the burden on businesses while increasing the availability of charging stations to EV owners.

Even if the cost of charging stations (including installation) is reduced, it will remain inefficient from a cost point-of-view to install enough charging stations to satisfy peak demand. Thus, charging stations will still need to be shared. EV owners by their nature understand the need to share charging stations, but nevertheless they are inconvenienced by the need to move their vehicle from a parking space to a charging station once the charging station becomes available, and then move their vehicle to another parking space after their vehicle is charged to make room for another vehicle. Accordingly, a solution that makes it easier for EV owners to share charging stations would also be valuable.

SUMMARY

In embodiments according to the present disclosure, a first controller can be coupled to a main power supply and can deliver a first charging current to an electric vehicle (EV) at a first charging station. The first controller can also deliver power to a second controller. The second controller can provide a second charging current to an EV at a second charging station. The first controller turns off the power to the second controller in response to determining that there is an EV charging at the first charging station, and turns on the power to the second controller only in response to determining that an EV is not charging at the first charging station.

In an embodiment, the first controller and the second controller each includes a processor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU)) and each includes one or more channels controlled by their respective CPU. A first channel of the first controller is coupled to the first charging station. The first channel may be referred to or characterized as the priority channel. A second channel of the first controller is coupled to the second controller. In an embodiment, if an electrical load is present on the priority channel, then the power to the second controller is switched off until the load is removed; and if there is no load on the priority channel, then power to the second controller can be switched on. The second controller can be used to control charging of one or more EVs using, for example, a rotating (e.g., round-robin) charging procedure. In an embodiment, if there is not a load on the priority channel or on the second controller's channels, then power is maintained on both of the first controller's first (priority) and second channels until there is a load on the priority channel.

Embodiments according to the present invention thus include, but are not limited to, the following features: multiple physical charging stations/connections per circuit; rotating (e.g., round-robin) charging; and automatic charging of multiple vehicles without user intervention. Thus, it is easier for EV owners to share charging stations. A single circuit can be used for multiple charging stations/connections and therefore costs are reduced.

The priority channel can be turned on for a specified period of time, until the charging current on the priority channel decreases to a threshold level or value, and/or until a specified amount of electrical charge is delivered over the priority channel. Thus, for example, a user can pay to have his or her EV charged at the first charging station for a certain amount of time or for a certain amount or level of charge. Once the paid-for charge is delivered, the priority channel can be turned off and power can be delivered to the second controller to charge EVs at the second charging station and at other charging stations connected to the second controller. This type of implementation is particularly advantageous, for example, for a business that has a fleet of EVs that periodically require charging. The charging stations controlled by the second controller can be used to charge that fleet when the priority channel is not being used by a paying customer. This helps further reduce or defray the cost of installing and operating charging stations and makes it easier for charging stations to be shared.

Another benefit of the priority channel is that it can be used by emergency vehicles such as ambulances or other EVs that may be designated as priority vehicles.

These and other objects and advantages of the various embodiments according to the present invention will be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art after reading the following detailed description of the embodiments that are illustrated in the various drawing figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification and in which like numerals depict like elements, illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the detailed description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing elements of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a method of charging one or more electric vehicles (EVs) in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating elements of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating elements of a controller for a multivehicle charging station in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of multiple vehicles charging at a charging station with multiple output connections in an embodiment according to the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating an example of a charge signature for an EV used for managing charging in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating examples of computer-implemented operations for monitoring and managing a network of EV charging stations in embodiments according to the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating examples of computer-implemented operations for monitoring and managing a network of EV charging stations in embodiments according to the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating examples of computer-implemented operations for monitoring and managing a network of EV charging stations in embodiments according to the present invention.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a display that constitutes selected elements of a graphical user interface (GUI) that is rendered on a display device in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a display that constitutes selected elements of a GUI that is rendered on a display device in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a display that constitutes selected elements of a GUI that is rendered on a display device in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a display that constitutes selected elements of a GUI that is rendered on a display device in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating examples of computer-implemented operations associated with monitoring and managing a network of EV charging stations in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of an example of a computing device or computer system capable of implementing embodiments according to the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating elements of a controller in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating an example of computer-implemented operations for managing a multivehicle charging system in embodiments according to the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to the various embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While described in conjunction with these embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the disclosure to these embodiments. On the contrary, the disclosure is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present disclosure, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it will be understood that the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the present disclosure.

Some portions of the detailed descriptions that follow are presented in terms of procedures, logic blocks, processing, and other symbolic representations of operations on data bits within a computer memory. These descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. In the present application, a procedure, logic block, process, or the like, is conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps or instructions leading to a desired result. The steps are those utilizing physical manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, although not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated in a computer system. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as transactions, bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, samples, pixels, or the like.

It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussions, it is appreciated that throughout the present disclosure, discussions utilizing terms such as “receiving,” “directing,” “sending,” “stopping,” “determining,” “generating,” “displaying,” “indicating,” “turning on,” “turning off,” or the like, refer to actions and processes (e.g., flowcharts 1100, 1200, 1300, 1800, and 2500 of FIGS. 11, 12, 13, 18, and 25, respectively) of an apparatus or computer system or similar electronic computing device or processor (e.g., the device 1900 of FIG. 19). A computer system or similar electronic computing device manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within memories, registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.

Embodiments described herein may be discussed in the general context of computer-executable instructions residing on some form of computer-readable storage medium, such as program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable storage media may comprise non-transitory computer storage media and communication media. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments.

Computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory (e.g., an SSD or NVMD) or other memory technology, compact disk ROM (CD-ROM), digital versatile disks (DVDs) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired information and that can accessed to retrieve that information.

Communication media can embody computer-executable instructions, data structures, and program modules, and includes any information delivery media. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, radio frequency (RF), infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of any of the above can also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

In overview, in embodiments according to the present disclosure, a single circuit (power circuit) is routed to multiple charging stations (or to a single station that has multiple charging connectors, which are referred to herein as output connections, connectors, or cables). At any one time, only one of the charging stations/connectors on that single circuit is being used to charge a vehicle. That vehicle is charged for a specified period of time (e.g., 30 minutes), charging of that vehicle is then stopped, and then the next charging station/connector on the single circuit is used to charge another vehicle for a specified period of time (e.g., 30 minutes, or some other length of time), and so on according to a charging sequence or procedure. For example, if there are four charging stations/connectors on a single circuit and a vehicle is connected to each charging station/connector, then vehicle 1 at station/connector 1 is charged for a specified time period (the other vehicles are not being charged while vehicle 1 is charged), then vehicle 2 at station/connector 2 is charged, and so on, then back to vehicle 1 at station/connector 1 in, for example, round-robin fashion (a round-robin charging sequence). If a vehicle is not connected to a charging station/connector, or if the vehicle connected to a charging station/connector does not need to be charged, then that charging station/connector is bypassed in accordance with the charging procedure.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing selected elements of a multivehicle charging system 100 in an embodiment according to the present invention. The multivehicle charging system 100 can include a number of different charging stations such as the charging station 110. Each charging station includes an input 108 that receives a voltage. The voltage comes from an electrical panel (main alternating current [AC] power source 130) and is delivered over a dedicated circuit 131 to a charging station or a group of charging stations, depending on the implementation; see FIGS. 4-8 for information about different implementations. There may be multiple electrical panels and multiple circuits, depending on the number of charging stations. Each charging station includes power electronics (not shown) such as wires, capacitors, transformers, and other electronic components.

In the example of FIG. 1, the multivehicle charging system 100 also includes a number of output cables or output connections 141, 142, 143, and 144 (141-144). As will be described, depending on the implementation, a charging station can have only a single output connection, or a charging station can have multiple output connections. Thus, depending on the implementation, the output connections 141-144 can all be coupled to a single charging station, or each of the output connections can be coupled to a respective charging station (one output connection per charging station); see FIGS. 4-8 for additional information. While four output connections are illustrated and described in the example of FIG. 1, embodiments according to the present invention are not so limited; there can be fewer than four output connections per charging station, or more than four output connections per charging station.

As will be described in conjunction with FIGS. 4-8 below, a controller 106 (which may also be referred as the electric vehicle master controller) manages distribution of electricity in the multivehicle charging system 100. The controller 106 may perform other functions, such as metering of power usage and storage of information related to charging events. Depending on the implementation, the multivehicle charging system 100 can include multiple controllers. Depending on the implementation, a controller may manage EV charging at multiple charging stations, or a controller may manage EV charging at a single charging station. FIGS. 5-8, described below, illustrate different implementations of the controller 106.

Continuing with reference to the example of FIG. 1, each of the output cables or connections 141-144 is coupled to at least one head (the heads 111, 112, 113, and 114, respectively). A head may be a plug that can be plugged into a socket on an electric vehicle (EV) such as the EVs 120 and 121. Alternatively, a head may be a socket that can be connected to a plug from an EV. In general, a head is configured to connect to an EV and deliver a charging current to an EV to which it is connected. In the example of FIG. 1, a single head is connected to each output cable. In an embodiment, multiple heads are connected to one or more of the output connections 141-144 (see the discussion below of FIGS. 7 and 8).

An EV can be any type of vehicle such as, but not limited to, a car, truck, motorcycle, golf cart, or motorized (power-assisted) bicycle.

Embodiments according to the present invention can be utilized in Level 2 or Level 3 charging stations, although the present invention is not limited to such types of charging stations and can be utilized in other types that may come into existence in the future. In an embodiment, the maximum charging current is 32 amps, but again embodiments according to the present invention are not so limited.

In embodiments according to the present invention, using the example of FIG. 1, the multivehicle charging system 100 provides a charging current to only one of the output connections 141-144 at a time if multiple EVs (e.g., EVs 120 and 121) are concurrently connected to the charging station via the heads. That is, for example, if the period of time in which the EV 120 is connected to the output connection 144 overlaps the period of time in which the EV 121 is connected to the output connection 143, then a charging current is supplied to only one of those two EVs at a time.

In an embodiment, a charging current is not provided to an output connection if there is not an electrical load (e.g., an EV) connected to that output connection. In an embodiment, a charging current is not provided to an output connection if the EV connected to that output connection does not require further charging.

In an embodiment, in the example of FIG. 1, a charging current is provided to a first one of the output connections 141-144 for an interval of time and then the charging current is stopped, switched to another one of the output connections, restarted for another interval of time (whose length may be the same as or different from the length of the preceding interval of time), and so on, until a charging current has been provided to all of the output connections that are connected to an EV, at which point the cycle begins again.

In an embodiment, each interval is 30 minutes in length, but the present invention is not so limited. The length of each interval is programmable and is changeable. The length of an interval for an output connection can be different from that of another output connection; in other words, the lengths of the intervals do not have to be the same across all of the output connections 141-144.

In another embodiment, a charging current is provided to one of the output connections 141-144 until the charging current drops below a threshold amount (e.g., 50 percent of peak), the charging current to that output connection is stopped, switched to another one of the output connections, restarted until the charging current again drops below a threshold amount, and so on (additional detail is provided below in the example of FIG. 10).

With reference still to the example of FIG. 1, in an embodiment, a charging current is provided to each of the output connections connected to an EV in round-robin fashion, one output connection at a time. For example, if EVs are connected to all of the output connections 141-144, then a charging current is provided to the output connection 141, then to output connection 142, then to output connection 143, then to output connection 144, then back to output connection 141, and so on (additional detail is provided below in the example of FIG. 9).

As noted above, if an output connection is not connected to an EV or if the EV does not require further charging, then the output connection is automatically skipped. However, the present invention is not so limited. For example, an output connection can be designated as a priority connection, in which case a charging current is provided to the priority connection more frequently or for a longer period of time than to other output connections. More specifically, if there are four output connections (1, 2, 3, and 4) that are used in round-robin fashion, then the charging sequence would be 1-2-3-4-1-2-3-4, etc. (assuming an EV is connected to each of the output connections). If output connection 2 is designated as a priority connection, then the charging sequence might be 1-2-3-2-4-2-1-2-3-2-4-2, etc., or 2-1-2-3-4-2-1-2-3-4-2, etc. (again, assuming an EV is connected to each of the output connections). The charging procedure or sequence is programmable and is changeable. In terms of charging time, if output connection 2 is designated as a priority connection, then the charging times might be (in minutes) 30-60-30-30-30-60-30-30, etc. (assuming a round-robin procedure and an EV is connected to each of the output connections).

As mentioned above, in an embodiment, if there is not an EV connected to the output connection, then a charging current is not supplied to the output connection; in other words, that output connection is skipped. In such an embodiment, before a charging current is provided to an output connection, the charging system is configured to detect whether an EV is connected to that output connection (additional detail is provided below in the example of FIG. 4). Thus, in the example of FIG. 1, a check is made to determine whether an EV is connected to the output connection 143, a charging current is then provided to the output connection 143 since the EV 121 is connected to that output connection, the charging current to the output connection 143 is stopped, a check is made to determine whether an EV is connected to the output connection 144, a charging current is then provided to the output connection 144 since the EV 120 is connected to that output connection, the charging current to the output connection 144 is stopped, a check is made to determine whether an EV is connected to the output connection 141, a charging current is not provided to the output connection 141 since an EV is not connected to that output connection, a check is made to determine whether an EV is connected to the output connection 142, and so on.

Also as mentioned above, in an embodiment, a charging current is not provided to an output connection if the EV connected to that output connection does not require further charging. In such an embodiment, before a charging current is provided to an output connection, the charging system is configured to automatically determine whether or not an EV connected to an output connection requires a charge. For example, an EV's charge signature or state of charge (SOC) can be provided by the EV or accessed by the charging system to determine whether the EV's batteries are fully charged or at least charged to a threshold amount (see the discussion of FIG. 4 below). If the batteries are fully or satisfactorily charged, then a charging current is not supplied to the output connection; in other words, that output connection is skipped. Thus, in this embodiment and with reference to the example of FIG. 1, a check is made to determine whether an EV is connected to the output connection 143 and whether the EV needs to be charged. Because the EV 121 is connected to the output connection 143, a charging current may then be provided to the output connection 143 if that EV requires a charge. The charging current to the output connection 143 is stopped, and a check is then made to determine whether another EV is connected to the output connection 144 and whether that EV needs to be charged. Because the EV 120 is connected to the output connection 144, a charging current may then be provided to the output connection 144 if that EV requires a charge. This process continues to the next output connection until all output connections have been checked, and then returns to the first output connection to begin another cycle.

The flowchart 200 of FIG. 2 illustrates a method of charging one or more EVs in an embodiment according to the present invention. In block 202, an output connection is selected or accessed. In block 204, a determination is made whether there is a load (an EV) present on the selected output connection. This determination can be made automatically. If not, then the flowchart 200 returns to block 202 and another output connection is selected or accessed in accordance with a charging sequence or procedure. If there is a load present, then the flowchart 200 proceeds to block 206. In block 206, a check is made to determine whether the EV requires a charge. If so, then the flowchart 200 proceeds to block 208; otherwise, the flowchart returns to block 202 and another output connection is selected or accessed. In block 208, a charging current is provided to the selected output connection. In block 210, a determination is made whether a condition is satisfied. The condition may be, for example, an interval of time has expired or the charging current to the selected output connection has decreased to a threshold value. If the condition is satisfied, then the charging current to the selected output connection is stopped in block 212, and then the flowchart 200 returns to block 202 and another output connection is selected or accessed according to the charging sequence or procedure. If the condition is not satisfied, then the flowchart 200 returns to block 208 and the charging current to the selected output connection is continued.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating elements of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention. Only a single power circuit is illustrated; however, the present invention is not so limited. In other words, multiple such systems can be implemented in parallel.

In the example of FIG. 3, main power is delivered over a dedicated circuit 131 from an electrical panel 302 (e.g., from the main AC power source 130) to a controller 106, which also may be referred to as a cyber switching block. The controller 106 is in communication with a graphical user interface (GUI) 304 implemented on a computer system 1900 (the GUI is described further in conjunction with FIGS. 14-18). Communication between the controller 106 and the computer system 1900 may be implemented using a wired and/or wireless connection and may occur directly and/or over the Internet or an intranet (e.g., an Ethernet or local area network). In an embodiment, the controller 106 is in the charging station 110. In another embodiment, the controller 106 is not in the charging station 110, but is in communication with the charging station.

In the example of FIG. 3, the controller 106 has four channels: channels 1, 2, 3, and 4 (1-4). Depending on the implementation, each channel can be connected to a respective charging station, or each channel can be connected to a respective output connection. This is described further in conjunction with FIGS. 5 and 6.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating elements of the controller 106 in an embodiment according to the present invention. In the example of FIG. 4, the controller 106 includes a processor (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU)) 402 that can be coupled to the computer system 1900 and the GUI 304 via a communication interface 404, which as mentioned above is capable of wireless and/or wired communication. The controller 106 can be implemented on a single printed circuit board (PCB) that has a low voltage side (e.g., containing the CPU) and a separate high voltage side (the main power side). In an embodiment, the processor 402 is powered by a separate, low voltage (e.g., five volt) power supply 406. In an embodiment, the controller 106 includes memory 401, which can be used to store information related to charging events, for example.

The main AC power source 130 is connected to each of the channels 1-4 by a respective relay R or switch that is individually controlled by the processor 402. As described herein, by turning on and off the relay or switch, a charging current is provided to a first one of the channels, the charging current to the first one of the channels is then turned off, a charging current is then provided to a second one of the channels, and so on. More specifically, for example, a charging current can be provided to a first one of the channels, turned off when an interval of time expires or when a charging threshold is reached, then provided to a second one of the channels, and so on. Also, in various embodiments, a charging current is provided to each of the channels one channel at a time in round-robin fashion, and/or a channel is designated as a priority channel, in which case a charging current is provided to the priority channel more frequently than to other channels. Many different charging sequences or procedures can be used.

In an embodiment, each of the channels 1-4 includes a respective current sensor CT and a respective voltage sensor VS. Accordingly, the controller 106 can detect whether an electrical load (e.g., an EV) is connected to a channel before a charging current is provided to the channel. In an embodiment, the controller 106 can also detect a charge signature for an EV connected to a channel before a charging current is provided to the channel; if the charge signature indicates that the EV does not require further charging (e.g., it is fully charged), then the charging current is not provided to the channel.

In an embodiment, the controller 106 can also automatically determine whether a channel is already drawing a current before a charging current is provided to the channel. If so, the controller indicates a fault condition (actually, the possibility of a fault condition is indicated). For example, an alert can be displayed on the GUI 304. Diagnostics can then be performed to determine whether an actual fault condition is present, and corrective actions can be performed if so.

In an embodiment, the controller 106 can also automatically determine whether a channel is drawing a current greater than the amount it is supposed to be drawing and, if so, the controller indicates a fault condition. For example, if the maximum current that should be drawn is 32 amps and if an amperage greater than that is detected, then a fault condition is indicated. For example, an alert can be displayed on the GUI 304. Diagnostics can then be performed to determine whether an actual fault condition is present, and corrective actions can be performed if so.

In an embodiment, at the end of each cycle through all of the channels 1-4, a check is made to ensure no channel is drawing a current. If a channel is drawing a current, then all relays are opened, and then a check is completed again to ensure all channels are off and not drawing current. Once it is confirmed that all channels are clear, the multivehicle charging process can then begin again.

In an embodiment, a channel is automatically shut down when any power-related fault or issue is detected. In an embodiment, if a channel has been shut down (either automatically or manually), the load check is bypassed on the channel until it is manually turned on again.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention. In the example of FIG. 5, the charging station 110 is connected to an electrical panel (the main AC power source 130) via a single (dedicated) circuit 131, and is also connected to the controller 106. In an embodiment, the controller 106 is incorporated into the charging station 110. Each of the channels 1-4 of the controller 106 is connected to a respective one of the output connections 541, 542, 543, and 544 (541-544), which in turn are connected to heads 511, 512, 513, and 514 (511-514), respectively. In this implementation, the controller 106 directs a charging current to the output connections 541-544, one at a time as described above, and thus also directs a charging current to the heads 511-514, one at a time.

The implementation of FIG. 5 can be replicated, so that the multivehicle charging system constitutes a part of a network of multiple charging stations, each charging station capable of charging multiple EVs and each charging station having its own dedicated circuit from the electrical panel.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an example of another implementation of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention. In the example of FIG. 6, the controller 106 is connected to an electrical panel (the main AC power source 130) via a single (dedicated) circuit 131. Each of the channels 1-4 of the controller 106 is connected to a respective charging station 611, 612, 613, and 614 (611-614), which in turn are connected to heads 651, 652, 653, and 654 (651-654), respectively, by a respective output connection 641, 642, 643, or 644 (641-644). In the FIG. 6 implementation, the controller 106 directs a charging current to the channels 1-4 one at a time, and hence to the charging stations 611-614 one at a time, and thus also directs a charging current to the output connections 641-644 and the heads 651-654, one at a time.

The implementation of FIG. 6 can be replicated, so that the multivehicle charging system constitutes a part of a network of multiple charging stations, with multiple charging stations connected to a single controller and each controller having its own dedicated circuit from the electrical panel.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention. The FIG. 7 embodiment is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 5, except that the charging station 110 has at least one output connection (e.g., the output connection 741) that has more than one (e.g., two) heads 751 and 752. In an embodiment, the controller 106 is incorporated into the charging station 110.

In the FIG. 7 embodiment, the controller 106 directs a charging current to the output connections 741, 542, 543, and 544, one at a time, as described herein. When the charging current is directed to the output connection 741, it is split between the heads 751 and 752. For example, one of the heads receives about half of the charging current, and the other head receives the rest of the charging current. If the maximum charging current is 32 amps, then the heads 751 and 752 each receive about 16 amps. In this manner, two EVs can be charged at the same time even though a charging current is provided to only one output connection at a time.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating an example of another implementation of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention. The FIG. 8 embodiment is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 6, except that at least one of the channels in the controller 106 (e.g., channel 1) is connected to two charging stations 610 and 611. The charging station 610 is connected to an output connection 840, which is connected to the head 850, and the charging station 611 is connected to the output connection 641, which is connected to the head 642. In this embodiment, the controller 106 directs a charging current to the channels 1-4, one channel at a time. However, when the charging current is directed to channel 1, that charging current can be split between the charging stations 610 and 611, and thus ultimately the charging current to channel 1 can be split between the output connections 840 and 641 and hence between the heads 850 and 651. Therefore, for example, when EVs are connected to the heads 850 and 651, one of the heads receives about half of the charging current on channel 1, and the other head receives the rest of that charging current. In this manner, two EVs can be charged at the same time even though a charging current is provided to only channel at a time.

Any combination of the implementations of FIGS. 5, 6, 7, and 8 can be deployed within the same multivehicle charging network.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of multiple vehicles charging at a charging station with multiple output connections in an embodiment according to the present disclosure. Four output connections and vehicles are illustrated; however, the present invention is not so limited.

In the example of FIG. 9, rotational charging is performed at 30-minute intervals; however, the present invention is not limited to the use of 30-minute intervals, and is also not limited to each vehicle being charged for the same length of time.

In the example of FIG. 9, vehicle 1 is charged for up to 30 minutes (if it is fully charged in less than 30 minutes, then charging can be stopped early). Charging is stopped after 30 minutes and the output connector to vehicle 1 is turned off, and the next output connector is checked to determine if it is connected to a load (e.g., another vehicle). In this example, a load is detected (vehicle 2), and so the output connector for vehicle 2 is turned on and vehicle 2 is charged for up to 30 minutes, then charging is stopped and the connector to vehicle 2 is turned off. The next output connector is checked to determine if it is connected to a load. In this example, a load is detected (vehicle 3), but the charge signature indicates that vehicle 3 is fully charged and so the connector to vehicle 3 is turned off and vehicle 3 is skipped. The next output connector is checked to determine if it is connected to a load. In this example, a load is detected (vehicle 4), and so the output connector for vehicle 4 is turned on and vehicle 4 is charged for up to 30 minutes, then charging is stopped and the connector to vehicle 4 is turned off. This charging cycle then returns to the output connector for vehicle 1, and the cycle continues as just described until each vehicle is fully charged. At any point, a vehicle can be disconnected and replaced with another vehicle. If a vehicle is not connected to an output connector, then that position in the cycle is skipped.

FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating an example of a charge signature for an EV (the amount of charging current versus time being delivered to the EV) used for managing charging in an embodiment according to the present invention. At time t0, the charging current is turned on and ramps up to its maximum value (100 percent). The maximum value may be 16 amps or 32 amps, for example, depending on the type of EV (e.g. Level 2 or Level 3). That is, some EVs (Level 2) are configured for a charging current of 16 amps while other EVs (Level 3) are configured for a charging current of 32 amps. In general, the charging station 110 or the controller 106 (FIG. 4) can determine what type of EV is connected to the charging system and can then deliver the correct amperage.

Continuing with the example of FIG. 10, after some period of time at 100 percent, the EV is nearly fully charged and the charging current begins to decrease. At time t1, the decreasing charging current has reached a threshold value (e.g., 50 percent).

In an embodiment, the charging current at each head (or output connection or channel) is monitored. In such an embodiment, when the charging current decreases to a preset threshold value (e.g., 50 percent, as in the example of FIG. 10), then the charging current is stopped and the charging current is switched to another head (or output connection or channel). Relative to the example of FIG. 9, instead of turning off the charging current to an output connection when a time interval expires or when the EV is fully charged, the charging current is turned off when it decreases to a threshold value.

The charge signature can also be used to automatically determine whether or not an EV is fully charged. For example, if the charging current to a head (or output connection or channel) is turned on at time t0 but does not stabilize after a preset amount of time has passed (t2), then the charging current is turned off and switched to another head (or output connection or channel).

FIGS. 11, 12, and 13 are flowcharts 1100, 1200, and 1300, respectively, illustrating examples of operations for monitoring and managing a network of EV charging stations in embodiments according to the present invention. These operations are generally described below, as details of these operations have already been described above.

The flowchart 1100 of FIG. 11 can be implemented in a multivehicle charging system such as those illustrated in FIGS. 5, 6, 7, and 8. In block 1102, with reference also to FIGS. 5-8, a voltage is received at a controller (106) over a dedicated circuit (131) from an electric power supply (130).

In block 1104, a charging current generated using the voltage is directed to a first output connection (e.g., 541) if a first EV is connected to a head (e.g., 511) of the first output connection.

In block 1106, the charging current to the first output connection is stopped.

In block 1108, after the charging current to the first output connection is stopped, the charging current is directed to a second output connection (e.g., 542) if a second EV is connected to a head (e.g., 512) of the second output connection. In an embodiment, the charging current is directed to the first output connection for a first interval of time, stopped when the first interval expires, and then directed to the second output connection for a second interval of time. In an embodiment, the charging current is directed to the first output connection until the charging current drops to a threshold amperage, stopped when the threshold is reached, and then directed to the second output connection.

In an embodiment, in blocks 1104 and 1108, before the charging current is provided to an output connection, a determination is made as to whether the charging current should be provided.

In an embodiment, in blocks 1104 and 1108, before the charging current is provided to an output connection, a determination is made as to whether there is an electrical load connected to the output connection. In this embodiment, the charging current is not directed to the output connection if there is not an electrical load.

In an embodiment, in blocks 1104 and 1108, before the charging current is provided to an output connection, a determination is made as to whether an EV connected to the output connection requires further charging (e.g., is fully charged). For example, a charge signature for the EV can be used to determine whether the EV is fully charged. In this embodiment, the charging current is not provided to the output connection if the EV does not require further charging.

In an embodiment, in blocks 1104 and 1108, before a charging current is provided to an output connection, a determination is made as to whether the output connection is already drawing a current, and for indicating a fault condition when the output connection is drawing a current before the charging current is provided.

The flowchart 1200 of FIG. 12 can be executed by a controller (106) that includes a processor 402 and a number of channels (1-4) as described in conjunction with FIG. 4. In block 1202, a charging current generated from an input power supply (130) is directed to a first one of the channels.

In block 1204, the charging current to the first channel is turned off. In various embodiments, the charging current is turned off if a time interval expires or if the amperage of the charging current decreases to a particular threshold.

In block 1206, after the charging current to the first channel is turned off, a charging current is directed from the input power supply to a second one of the channels.

With reference also to FIG. 1, the flowchart 1300 of FIG. 13 illustrates a method of charging one or more EVs at a charging station (110). In block 1302, a voltage from an electric power supply (130) is received at an input (108) of the charging station over a dedicated circuit (131). The charging station includes a number of output cables or connectors (141-144), each of which is connected to at least one head (111-114).

In block 1304, a charging current is provided to only one of the output cables at a time if multiple EVs are concurrently connected to the charging station via the heads. The charging current is provided to a first one of the output cables and then the charging current is stopped, switched to a second one of the output cables, and restarted.

FIGS. 14, 15, 16, and 17 illustrate examples of displays that constitute selected elements of the GUI 304 (FIG. 3) that are rendered on a display device 1912 in embodiments according to the present invention. The displays shown in these examples may be full-screen displays, or they may be windows in a full-screen display. The displays may be displayed individually, or multiple displays may be displayed at the same time (e.g., side-by-side). The displays shown and described below are examples only, intended to demonstrate some of the functionality of the GUI 304. The present invention is not limited to these types or arrangements of displays.

The GUI 304 is a browser-based interface that utilizes current basic functions of the browser plus additional functionality that can be used to manage and monitor a multivehicle charging system or network that includes one or more charging stations such as those described previously herein. Each charging station, output connection, and/or head can be monitored and controlled (programmed) over a network.

Furthermore, some or all of the GUI 304 can be accessed remotely from another computer system or a device such as a smartphone, or information from the GUI can be pushed to remote devices such as other computer systems and smartphones. Also, in an embodiment, information from a smartphone or computer system, including a computer system or similar type of intelligent device on an EV, is received via the browser-based interface and used, for example, to control charging or to provide billing information to the owner or manager of the EV charging system.

In an embodiment, the display 1400 includes, in essence, a rendering of a map showing a network of charging stations 1-5 represented by the GUI elements 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, and 1405 (1401-1405), respectively. The charging stations 1-5 may be exemplified by any of the charging stations described herein. In an embodiment, the display 1400 indicates the positions of the charging stations relative to one another and relative to nearby landmarks (e.g., the building A) as well as the approximate locations of the charging stations in a parking lot. Priority charging stations (stations with a priority connection or channel) can also be designated in the map; in the example of FIG. 14, a letter “P” is placed proximate to a charging station that includes a priority connection or channel. As mentioned above, information included in the display 1400 can be sent to or accessed by remote devices such as smartphones. Thus, drivers can determine the locations of charging stations in the network. Also, in an embodiment, the GUI elements 1401-1405 can be used to indicate which of the charging stations has or may have an available output connection. In the example of FIG. 14, the GUI element 1401 is shaded to indicate that it has an output connection that may be available.

The GUI elements 1401-1405 can be individually selected (e.g., by clicking on one of them with a mouse, or by touching one of them on a touch screen). When one of the GUI elements (e.g., the element 1401, corresponding to station 1) is selected, the display 1500 of FIG. 15 is displayed on the display device 1912. The display 1500 includes GUI elements 1501, 1502, 1503, and 1504 (1501-1504) representing the output connections 141-144 of the selected charging station, as well as a GUI element 1510 that identifies the selected charging station.

The GUI elements 1501-1504 can be used to indicate which of the output connections is connected to an EV and which one of the output connections is currently providing a charging current to an EV. In the example of FIG. 15, the GUI elements 1503 and 1504 are colored, lit, or darkened to indicate that they are currently connected to an EV, and the GUI element 1503 is highlighted in some manner (e.g., encircled by the GUI element 1515) to indicate that the output connection 143 of station 1 is currently providing a charging current to an EV. In an embodiment, the GUI elements 1501-1504 include text to indicate the status of the respective output connections; for example, the word “active” can be displayed within a GUI element to indicate that the corresponding output connection is being used to charge an EV, and the word “standby” can be displayed within a GUI element to indicate that the corresponding output connection is available. Also, priority output connections can also be identified in some manner; in the example of FIG. 15, a letter “P” is placed proximate to the GUI element 1504 to indicate that the output connection 144 is a priority connection. As mentioned above, information included in the display 1500 can be sent to or accessed by remote devices such as smartphones. Thus, drivers can determine which charging stations in the network are in use and which are available. Alternatively, an alert of some type can be sent to the drivers' devices.

In an embodiment, the display 1600 is opened and displayed on the display device 1912 by selecting (clicking on or touching) the GUI element 1510. The display 1600 displays information for each of the output connections 141-144 of charging station 1. For example, the display 1600 can indicate the status of each of the output connections 141-144, to indicate which of the output connections is connected to an EV and which one of the output connections is providing a charging current to an EV, similar to what was described above. Other information, such as the voltage level and amperage for each output connection and the on/off status of each output connection, can also be displayed. Using the GUI elements 1611, 1612, 1613, and 1614, a user can individually turn off or turn on the output connections 141-144. Similar control mechanisms can be used to turn on and off individual charging stations and to turn on and off individual heads. Priority output connections can also be identified in some manner; in the example of FIG. 16, a letter “P” is placed proximate to the GUI element 1604 to indicate that the output connection 144 is a priority connection.

In an embodiment, the display 1600 includes a GUI element 1601, 1602, 1603, and 1604 (1601-1604) for the output connections 141-144, respectively. The GUI elements 1601-1604 can be individually selected (e.g., by clicking on one of them with a mouse, or by touching one of them). When one of the GUI elements (e.g., the element 1603, corresponding to the output connection 143) is selected, the display 1700 of FIG. 17 is displayed on the display device 1912. In an embodiment, the display 1700 includes a graph 1710 (a charge signature) that shows amperage versus time for the output connection 143. As mentioned above, information included in the display 1700 can be sent to or accessed by remote devices such as smartphones. Thus, using the charge signature, drivers can determine whether or not their vehicle has finished charging.

In an embodiment, the display 1700 also includes a log 1720. The log 1720 can display information such as a continuous log of events, with the last event on top. Events can include alerts, state changes, user-driven changes, device additions, and changes made by an event for each charging station, output connection, and/or channel. The log 1720, or a separate log, can include information such as charging data (charging signature) for each charge and amperage draw over time for charging stations, output connections, and/or heads. The charging data can include the length of each charging cycle (e.g., for each output connection, when charging an EV began and when it ended). The charging data can be used to identify and implement better charge and cycle durations.

With reference back to FIG. 14, the GUI 304 can include a settings tab that, when selected, can be used to open a display or window that allows a user to edit charging station settings such as the length of the charging interval for each output connection, set thresholds such as the charging threshold described above (FIG. 10), set alert thresholds and functions, and define additional information such as, for example, charging station name/label, description, and location. The GUI 304 can also include a users tab that can be used to authorize which users can use the multivehicle charging system and which users are currently using the system.

The GUI 304 can indicate alerts in any number of different ways. For example, a GUI element (not shown) can be displayed in the display 1400, or the GUI element 1401-1405 associated with a charging station that is experiencing a possible fault condition can be changed in some way (e.g., a change in color). Similarly, the GUI element 1501-1504 associated with an output connection that is experiencing a possible fault condition can be changed in some way (e.g., a change in color). Alerts can also be audio alerts.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart 1800 illustrating examples of operations associated with monitoring and managing a network of EV charging stations in an embodiment according to the present invention. These operations are generally described below, as details of these operations have already been described above.

In block 1802, with reference also to FIG. 14, a GUI (304) that includes a GUI element (1401-1405) for each of the charging stations in the network is generated.

In block 1804, a selection of a GUI element for a charging station is received.

In block 1806, based on the information received from the network of charging stations, GUI elements that identify which output connection of the charging station is receiving a charging current are displayed.

In block 1808, in response to commands received via the GUI (that is, responsive to user interaction with the GUI), components (e.g., the charging station itself, and/or output connections and heads of the charging station) of the network are individually turned on and off.

In block 1810, information that indicates the availability of the charging station and/or the availability of output connections and/or heads is sent to another device such as a smartphone.

Embodiments according to the present invention thus include, but are not limited to, the following features: multiple physical charging stations/connections per circuit; rotating (e.g., round-robin) charging; and automatic charging of multiple vehicles without user intervention.

Because only a single circuit is used for multiple charging stations/connections, costs are reduced. In other words, it is not necessary to pay for a dedicated circuit for each charging station, for example. New charging stations can be added at a reduced cost per station; more charging stations can be installed for the same cost. Existing infrastructure (e.g., an existing circuit) can be readily modified to accommodate multiple charging stations instead of a single station.

With more charging stations, vehicle charging is more convenient. For instance, vehicles will not have to be moved as frequently. From an employee's perspective, the availability of a convenient charging station at the workplace is a perk. From an employer's perspective, the availability of a convenient charging station may encourage employees to stay at work a little longer in order to get a free charge, plus employees' productivity may increase because they do not have to move their cars as frequently.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of an example of a computing device or computer system 1910 capable of implementing embodiments according to the present invention. The device 1910 broadly includes any single or multi-processor computing device or system capable of executing computer-readable instructions, such as those described in conjunction with FIGS. 2, 11, 12, 13, and 18. In its most basic configuration, the device 1910 may include at least one processing circuit (e.g., the processor 1914) and at least one non-volatile storage medium (e.g., the memory 1916).

The processor 1914 of FIG. 19 generally represents any type or form of processing unit or circuit capable of processing data or interpreting and executing instructions. In certain embodiments, the processor 1914 may receive instructions from a software application or module (e.g., the application 1940). These instructions may cause the processor 1914 to perform the functions of one or more of the example embodiments described and/or illustrated above.

The system memory 1916 generally represents any type or form of volatile or non-volatile storage device or medium capable of storing data and/or other computer-readable instructions. Examples of system memory 1916 include, without limitation, RAM, ROM, flash memory, or any other suitable memory device. In an embodiment, the system memory 1916 includes a cache 1920.

The device 1910 may also include one or more components or elements in addition to the processor 1914 and the system memory 1916. For example, the device 1910 may include a memory device, an input/output (I/O) device such as a keyboard and mouse (not shown), and a communication interface 1918, each of which may be interconnected via a communication infrastructure (e.g., a bus). The device 1910 may also include a display device 1912 that is generally configured to display a GUI (e.g., the GUI displays of FIGS. 14, 15, 16, and 17). The display device 1912 may also include a touch sensing device (e.g., a touch screen).

The communication interface 1918 broadly represents any type or form of communication device or adapter capable of facilitating communication between the device 1910 and one or more other devices. The communication interface 1918 can include, for example, a receiver and a transmitter that can be used to receive and transmit information (wired or wirelessly), such as information from and to the charging stations in a multivehicle charging system or network and information from and to other devices such as a smartphone or another computer system.

The device 1910 can execute an application 1940 that allows it to perform operations including the operations and functions described herein (e.g., the operations of FIGS. 11, 12, 13, and 18). A computer program containing the application 1940 may be loaded into the device 1910. For example, all or a portion of the computer program stored on a computer-readable medium may be stored in the memory 1916. When executed by the processor 1914, the computer program can cause the processor to perform and/or be a means for performing the functions of the example embodiments described and/or illustrated herein. Additionally or alternatively, the example embodiments described and/or illustrated herein may be implemented in firmware and/or hardware.

The application 1940 can include various software modules that perform the functions that have been described herein. For example, the application can include a user management module 1941, and system management module 1942, and a GUI module 1943. The user management module 1941 can perform functions such as, but not limited to, setting up user accounts that authorize users to use the multivehicle charging network, authenticating users, metering power consumed by each user, and optionally billing users. The system management module 1942 can perform functions such as, but not limited to, monitoring the availability and functionality of network components such as circuits, channels, output connections, heads, and charging stations, controlling (e.g., turning on and off) such components, monitoring charge signatures and charging periods (to rotate charging in, for example, round-robin fashion as described herein), collecting and logging network information, and performing diagnostics. The GUI module 1943 can perform functions such as, but not limited to, generating a GUI that can be accessed by a network administrator and can also be accessed by or pushed to other devices such as smartphones.

Electrical Vehicle Charging System with Priority Charging

FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating elements of a controller in an embodiment according to the present invention. In the example of FIG. 20, the controller 2000 includes a processor (e.g., a CPU) 2002 that can be coupled to the computer system 1900 and the GUI 304 via a communication interface 2004, which as mentioned above is capable of wireless and/or wired communication. The controller 2000 can be implemented on a single PCB that has a low voltage side (e.g., containing the CPU) and a separate high voltage side (the main power side). In an embodiment, the processor 2002 is powered by the low voltage (e.g., five volt) power supply 406. In an embodiment, the controller 2000 includes memory 2001, which can be used to store instructions to perform the operations that will be described below.

The main AC power source 130 is connected to the channels A and B by relays or switches S1 or S2, respectively, that are individually controlled by the processor 2002. Channel A may be referred to below as the first channel or the priority channel, and channel B may be referred to below as the second channel or non-priority channel.

In an embodiment, each of the channels A and B includes a respective current sensor CT and a respective voltage sensor VS. Accordingly, the controller 2000 can detect whether an electrical load (e.g., an EV) is connected to a channel. The controller 2000 can perform other functions, in particular the same functions as the controller 106 (as described above in conjunction with the discussion of FIG. 4).

As will be described in conjunction with FIG. 21-24, the controller 2000 (which may be referred to below as the first controller) can be coupled to the electric power supply (main AC power source) 130 and can deliver a first charging current to an EV at a first charging station. The controller 2000 can also deliver power to the controller 106, which may be referred to below as the second controller. The second controller 106 can provide a second charging current to an EV at a second charging station. In an embodiment, the first controller 2000 turns off the power to the second controller 106 in response to determining that there is an EV charging at the first charging station, and turns on the power to the second controller 106 only in response to determining that an EV is not charging at the first charging station.

In an embodiment, the first channel A of the first controller 2000 is coupled to the first charging station. The second channel B of the first controller 2000 is coupled to the second controller 106. In an embodiment, if an electrical load is present on the first (priority) channel A, then the power to the second controller 106 is switched off until the load is removed; and if there is no load on the priority channel 1, then power to the second controller can be switched on. In an embodiment, if there is not a load on the priority channel A of the first controller 2000 or on any of the channels 1-4 of the second controller 106, then power is maintained on both the priority channel A and the second channel B of the first controller 2000 until there is a load on the priority channel. The switches or relays in the first controller 2000 can be used to turn on and off the power to the second controller 106. That is, the first switch S1 is on whenever power is received by the controller 2000 from the electric power supply 130, and the second switch S2 is toggled off when an EV charging load is present on the first channel A and is toggled on to deliver power to the second controller 106 when no EV charging load is present on the first channel A.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention. In the example of FIG. 21, the first controller 2000 is incorporated into a multivehicle charging system like that of FIG. 5. Specifically, in the FIG. 21 embodiment, the first controller 2000 is connected to an electrical panel (the main AC power source 130) via a single (dedicated) circuit 131, to the charging station 2100 through the first (priority) channel A, and to the charging station 110 and the second controller 106 through the second channel B. In an embodiment, the first controller 2000 is incorporated into the charging station 2100. In an embodiment, the second controller 106 is incorporated into the charging station 110. The charging station 2100 includes an output connection 2102 that is connected to a head 2104, which can be connected to (e.g., plugged into) an EV. Each of the channels 1-4 of the second controller 106 is connected to a respective one of the output connections 541-544, which in turn are connected to the heads 511-514, respectively.

In the example of FIG. 21, the first controller 2000 can deliver a first charging current to the charging station 2100. The first controller 2000 can also deliver power to the charging station 110 and the second controller 106. In an embodiment, the first controller 2000 turns off the power to the charging station 110 and thus to the second controller 106 in response to determining that there is an EV that is charging at the charging station 2100, and turns on the power to the charging station 110 and thus to the second controller 106 only in response to determining that an EV is not charging at the first charging station 2100. In an embodiment, if the second controller 106 receives power from the first controller 2000, then the second controller directs a charging current to the output connections 541-544 one at a time as described above (e.g., in round-robin fashion), and thus also directs a charging current to the heads 511-514 one at a time.

FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention. In the example of FIG. 22, is incorporated into a multivehicle charging system like that of FIG. 6. Specifically, the first controller 2000 is connected to an electrical panel (the main AC power source 130) via a single (dedicated) circuit 131, to the charging station 2100 through the first (priority) channel A, and to the second controller 106 and the charging stations 611-614 through the second channel B. In an embodiment, the first controller 2000 is incorporated into the charging station 2100. In an embodiment, the second controller 106 is incorporated into the charging station 110. Each of the channels 1-4 of the second controller 106 is connected to a respective charging station 611-614, which in turn are connected to heads 651-654, respectively, by a respective output connection 641-644.

In the example of FIG. 22, the first controller 2000 can deliver a first charging current to the charging station 2100. The first controller 2000 can also deliver power to the second controller 106. In an embodiment, the first controller 2000 turns off the power to the second controller 106 and thus to the charging stations 611-614 in response to determining that there is an EV that is charging at the charging station 2100, and turns on the power to the second controller 206 and thus to the charging stations 611-614 only in response to determining that an EV is not charging at the first charging station 2100. In an embodiment, if the second controller 106 receives power from the first controller 2000, then the second controller directs a charging current to the channels 1-4 one at a time, and hence to the charging stations 611-614 one at a time, and thus also directs a charging current to the output connections 641-644 and the heads 651-654 one at a time.

FIG. 23 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention. In the example of FIG. 21, the first controller 2000 is incorporated into a multivehicle charging system like that of FIG. 7. The FIG. 23 embodiment is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 21, except there is at least one output connection (e.g., the output connection 741) that has more than one (e.g., two) heads 751 and 752. In an embodiment, the second controller 106 is incorporated into the charging station 110.

In the FIG. 23 embodiment, the first controller 2000 can deliver a first charging current to the charging station 2100. The first controller 2000 can also deliver power to the charging station 110 and the second controller 106. In an embodiment, the first controller 2000 turns off the power to the charging station 110 and thus to the second controller 106 in response to determining that there is an EV that is charging at the charging station 2100, and turns on the power to the charging station 110 and thus to the second controller 106 only in response to determining that an EV is not charging at the first charging station 2100. In an embodiment, if the second controller 106 receives power from the first controller 2000, then the second controller directs a charging current to the output connections 741, 542, 543, and 544 one at a time as described above. When the charging current is directed to the output connection 741, it is split between the heads 751 and 752. For example, one of the heads receives about half of the charging current, and the other head receives the rest of the charging current. In this manner, two EVs can be charged at the same time even though a charging current is provided to only one output connection at a time.

FIG. 24 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an implementation of a multivehicle charging system in an embodiment according to the present invention. In the example of FIG. 21, the first controller 2000 is incorporated into a multivehicle charging system like that of FIG. 8. The FIG. 24 embodiment is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 22, except that at least one of the channels in the second controller 106 (e.g., channel 1) is connected to two charging stations 610 and 611. The charging station 610 is connected to an output connection 840, which is connected to the head 850, and the charging station 611 is connected to the output connection 641, which is connected to the head 642.

In the FIG. 24 embodiment, the first controller 2000 can deliver a first charging current to the charging station 2100. The first controller 2000 can also deliver power to the second controller 106. In an embodiment, the first controller 2000 turns off the power to the second controller 106 in response to determining that there is an EV that is charging at the charging station 2100, and turns on the power to the second controller 106 only in response to determining that an EV is not charging at the first charging station 2100. In an embodiment, if the second controller 106 receives power from the first controller 2000, then the second controller 106 directs a charging current to the second controller's channels 1-4 one channel at a time. However, when the charging current is directed to channel 1 of the second controller 106, that charging current can be split between the charging stations 610 and 611, and thus ultimately the charging current to channel 1 of the second controller 106 can be split between the output connections 840 and 641 and hence between the heads 850 and 651. Therefore, for example, when EVs are connected to the heads 850 and 651, one of the heads receives about half of the charging current on channel 1 of the second controller 106, and the other head receives the rest of that charging current. In this manner, two EVs can be charged at the same time even though a charging current is provided to only channel at a time.

The implementations of FIGS. 21-24 can be replicated, so that the multivehicle charging system constitutes a part of a network of multiple charging stations, each charging station capable of charging multiple EVs and each charging station having its own dedicated circuit from the electrical panel.

FIG. 25 is a flowchart 2500 illustrating an example of computer-implemented operations for managing a multivehicle charging system in embodiments according to the present invention. The flowchart 2500 can be implemented in a multivehicle charging system such as those illustrated in FIGS. 21, 22, 23, and 24.

In block 2502 of FIG. 25, electrical power is received at a first controller that has a first (priority) channel and a second (non-priority) channel. The first channel is operable for delivering a first charging current to an EV at a first charging station. The second channel is operable for delivering at least a portion of the electrical power from the first controller to a second controller. The second controller is operable for providing a second charging current to an EV at a second charging station.

In block 2504, the first controller turns off the electrical power to the second channel in response to determining that there is an EV charging load on the first channel. Power to the first channel is kept on to deliver a charging current to the EV until, for example, the load is removed (e.g., the EV is disconnected from the first charging station), a timer expires, or the EV is charged to a specified threshold level or with a specified amount of charge.

In block 2506, the first controller turns on the electrical power to the second channel only in response to determining that no EV charging load is present on the first channel. A charging station or charging stations connected to the second channel as described above are thus operable for providing a charging current to a respective EV. If an EV charging load is introduced on the first channel while the second channel is turned on, then the second channel is turned off. Once the charging load on the first channel is no longer present, then power to the second channel can be turned on again.

In an embodiment, if the second channel is on, then turned off and turned back on, charging through the second channel resumes at the place where it left off. Using the embodiment of FIG. 21 as an example, if there are four EVs connected to channels 1-4 of the second controller 106 and the EV connected to channel 2 of the second controller is charging when the second channel B of the first controller 2000 is turned off, then charging would resume at channel 2 when channel B is turned back on.

While the foregoing disclosure sets forth various embodiments using specific block diagrams, flowcharts, and examples, each block diagram component, flowchart step, operation, and/or component described and/or illustrated herein may be implemented, individually and/or collectively, using a wide range of hardware, software, or firmware (or any combination thereof) configurations. In addition, any disclosure of components contained within other components should be considered as examples because many other architectures can be implemented to achieve the same functionality.

The process parameters and sequence of steps described and/or illustrated herein are given by way of example only and can be varied as desired. For example, while the steps illustrated and/or described herein may be shown or discussed in a particular order, these steps do not necessarily need to be performed in the order illustrated or discussed. The various example methods described and/or illustrated herein may also omit one or more of the steps described or illustrated herein or include additional steps in addition to those disclosed.

While various embodiments have been described and/or illustrated herein in the context of fully functional computing systems, one or more of these example embodiments may be distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, regardless of the particular type of computer-readable media used to actually carry out the distribution. The embodiments disclosed herein may also be implemented using software modules that perform certain tasks. These software modules may include script, batch, or other executable files that may be stored on a computer-readable storage medium or in a computing system. These software modules may configure a computing system to perform one or more of the example embodiments disclosed herein. One or more of the software modules disclosed herein may be implemented in a cloud computing environment. Cloud computing environments may provide various services and applications via the Internet. These cloud-based services (e.g., storage as a service, software as a service, platform as a service, infrastructure as a service, etc.) may be accessible through a Web browser or other remote interface. Various functions described herein may be provided through a remote desktop environment or any other cloud-based computing environment.

Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the disclosure is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the disclosure.

Embodiments according to the present invention are thus described. While the present disclosure has been described in particular embodiments, it should be appreciated that the present invention should not be construed as limited by such embodiments, but rather construed according to the following claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A controller for an electric vehicle (EV) charging system, the controller comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; a priority first channel coupled to the processor; and a non-priority second channel coupled to the processor, wherein the first channel is operable for receiving power from an alternating current (AC) power source over a dedicated circuit and for delivering a first charging current to an EV at a first charging station, wherein the second channel is operable for receiving power and for delivering power to a second controller that is operable for providing a second charging current to EVs at a second charging station comprising a plurality of output connections that are connectable to the EVs, wherein the second charging station is operable for directing the second charging current to the output connections one at a time in round-robin fashion, wherein power is maintained to both the first channel and the second channel even when there is not an EV charging load on either the first or second channels until there is an EV charging load on the first channel, and wherein the processor is programmed to perform operations comprising: providing the second charging current via the second channel and the output connections to the EVs at the second charging station in the round-robin fashion; while providing the second charging current to the EVs at the second station, detecting a first charging load at the first charging station; in response to said detecting the first charging load, providing the first charging current via the first channel to the EV at the first charging station prior to completion of charging the EVs at the second charging station via the second channel; turning off the power to the second channel prior to completion of said charging the EVs at the second charging station in response to determining that the EV at the first charging station is receiving the first charging current on the first channel; and turning the power to the second channel back on and again providing the second charging current via the second channel to the EVs at the second charging station in the round-robin fashion in response to determining that the first charging current is no longer present on the first channel.
 2. The controller of claim 1, wherein the first charging current is provided to the EV at the first charging station until the first charging current drops to a threshold level, and wherein the first charging current is stopped when the threshold level is reached.
 3. The controller of claim 1, wherein the first charging current is provided to the EV at the first charging station for an interval of time, and wherein the first charging current is stopped when the interval of time expires.
 4. The controller of claim 1, wherein the first channel comprises a first switch and the second channel comprises a second switch, wherein the first switch is on whenever power is received by the controller from the AC power source, and wherein the second switch is toggled off when the EV charging load is present on the first channel and is toggled on to deliver the power to the second controller.
 5. The controller of claim 1, implemented on a single printed circuit board, the printed circuit board having a lower voltage side that powers the processor, the printed circuit board also having a higher voltage side that receives an AC charging current delivered over the dedicated circuit from the AC power source, wherein the processor receives power from a lower voltage power supply that is separate from the AC power source and wherein the lower voltage power supply is not powered by the AC power source, and wherein a voltage from the lower voltage power supply is less than a voltage from the AC power source.
 6. The controller of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise: while again providing the second charging current to the EVs at the second charging station, detecting a second charging load at the first charging station; in response to said detecting the second charging load, providing a third charging current via the first channel to another EV at the first charging station prior to completion of said charging the EVs at the second charging station; again turning off the power to the second channel and the second charging current to the EVs at the second charging station prior to completion of said charging the EVs at the second charging station in response to determining that the other EV at the first charging station is receiving the third charging current on the first channel; and again turning the power to the second controller on and again providing the second charging current via the second controller to the EVs at the second charging station in the round-robin fashion in response to determining that the third charging current is no longer being provided to the other EV at the first charging station.
 7. An electric vehicle (EV) charging system, comprising: a first controller; a second controller coupled to the first controller; a priority first charging station coupled to the first controller; and a non-priority second charging station coupled to the second controller and comprising a plurality of output connections that are connectable to EVs, wherein the output connections are numbered from one to N, where N is an integer; wherein the first controller is operable for receiving electrical power over a dedicated circuit from an alternating current (AC) power source, for delivering a first electrical current to the first charging station, and for delivering electrical power to the second controller, wherein the second controller is operable for receiving the electrical power from the first controller and for delivering a second electrical current to the EVs at the second charging station, wherein the second charging station is operable for directing the second electrical current to the output connections one at a time in round-robin fashion in a sequence from one to N then back to one, wherein electrical power is maintained to both the first controller and the second controller even when there is not an EV charging load at either the first or second charging stations until there is an EV charging load at the first charging station, and wherein the first controller is programmed to perform operations comprising: providing the second electrical current via the second controller and the output connections to the EVs at the second charging station in the round-robin fashion; while providing the second electrical current to the EVs at the second charging station via the second controller, detecting a first charging load at the first charging station; in response to said detecting the first charging load, providing the first electrical current via the first controller to an EV at the first charging station prior to completion of charging the EVs at the second charging station via the second controller; turning off the electrical power to the second controller prior to completion of said charging the EVs at the second charging station in response to determining that the EV at the first charging station is receiving the first electrical current; and turning the electrical power to the second controller back on and again providing the second electrical current via the second controller to the EVs at the second charging station in the round-robin fashion in response to determining that the first electrical current is no longer being provided to the EV at the first charging station.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the first electrical current is provided to the EV at the first charging station until the first electrical current drops to a threshold level, and wherein the first electrical current is stopped when the threshold level is reached.
 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the first electrical current is provided to the EV at the first charging station for an interval of time, and wherein the first electrical current is stopped when the interval of time expires.
 10. The system of claim 7, wherein the first controller comprises a first switch and a second switch, wherein the first switch is on whenever power is received by the first controller from the AC power source, and wherein the second switch is toggled on and off according to whether the EV charging load is present at the first charging station.
 11. The system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of output connections comprise an output connection comprising a first head and a second head.
 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the second controller comprises a first channel and a second channel, wherein the first channel of the second controller is operable for delivering the second electrical current to the second charging station, and wherein the second channel of the second controller is operable for delivering a third electrical current to a third charging station.
 13. The system of claim 7, wherein the first controller comprises a processor and is implemented on a single printed circuit board, the printed circuit board having a lower voltage side that powers the processor, the printed circuit board also having a higher voltage side that receives an AC charging current delivered over the dedicated circuit from the AC power source, wherein the processor receives power from a lower voltage power supply that is separate from the AC power source and wherein the lower voltage power supply is not powered by the AC power source, and wherein a voltage from the lower voltage power supply is less than a voltage from the AC power source.
 14. The system of claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise: while again providing the second electrical current to the EVs at the second charging station via the second controller, detecting a second charging load at the first charging station; in response to said detecting the second charging load, providing a third electrical current via the first controller to another EV at the first charging station prior to completion of charging the EVs at the second charging station via the second controller; again turning off the power to the second controller and the electrical current to the EVs at the second charging station prior to completion of said charging EVs at the second charging station in response to determining that the other EV at the first charging station is receiving the third electrical current; and again turning on the power to the second controller and again providing the second electrical current via the second controller to the EVs at the second charging station in the round-robin fashion in response to determining that the third electrical current is no longer being provided to the other EV at the first charging station.
 15. A method of charging one or more electric vehicles (EVs), the method comprising: receiving, from an alternating current (AC) power source over a dedicated circuit, electrical power at a first controller comprising a priority first channel and a non-priority second channel, wherein the first channel is operable for receiving electrical power and for delivering a first charging current to an EV at a first charging station, and wherein the second channel is operable for receiving electrical power and for delivering at least a portion of the electrical power from the first controller to a second controller that is operable for providing a second charging current to EVs at a second charging station comprising a plurality of output connections that are connectable to the EVs, wherein the second charging station is operable for directing the second charging current to the output connections one at a time in round-robin fashion, wherein electrical power is maintained to both the first channel and the second channel even when there is not an EV charging load on either the first or second channels until there is an EV charging load on the first channel; the second controller providing the second charging current via the second channel and the output connections to the EVs at the second charging station in the round-robin fashion; while providing the second charging current to the EVs at the second charging station, detecting a first charging load at the first charging station; in response to said detecting the first charging load, the first controller providing the first charging current via the first channel to an EV at the first charging station prior to completion of charging the EVs at the second charging station via the second channel; the first controller turning off the electrical power to the second channel prior to completion of said charging the EVs at the second charging station in response to determining that the EV at the first charging station is receiving the first charging current on the first channel; and the first controller turning the electrical power to the second channel back on in response to determining that the first charging current is no longer present on the first channel, wherein the second controller then again provides the second charging current to the EVs at the second charging station in the round-robin fashion.
 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising: the first controller providing the first charging current to the EV at the first charging station until the first charging current drops to a threshold level; and the first controller turning off the first charging current when the threshold level is reached.
 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising: the first controller providing the first charging current to the EV at the first charging station for an interval of time; and the first controller turning off the first charging current when the interval of time expires.
 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the first channel comprises a first switch and the second channel comprises a second switch, and wherein the method further comprises: the first controller keeping the first switch on whenever power is received by the controller from the AC power source; and the first controller toggling the second switch on and off according to whether the EV charging load is present on the first channel.
 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the second controller comprises a third channel and a fourth channel, wherein the third channel is operable for delivering the second charging current to the second charging station, and wherein the fourth channel is operable for delivering a fourth charging current to a third charging station.
 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the first controller comprises a processor and is implemented on a single printed circuit board, the printed circuit board having a lower voltage side that powers the processor, the printed circuit board also having a higher voltage side that receives an AC charging current delivered over the dedicated circuit from the AC power source, wherein the processor receives power from a lower voltage power supply that is separate from the AC power source and wherein the lower voltage power supply is not powered by the AC power source, and wherein a voltage from the lower voltage power supply is less than a voltage from the AC power source.
 21. The method of claim 15, further comprising: while again providing the second charging current to the EVs via the second channel, detecting a second charging load at the first charging station; in response to said detecting the second charging load, the first controller providing a third charging current via the first channel to another EV at the first charging station prior to completion of said charging the EVs at the second charging station via the second channel; the first controller again turning off the power to the second channel and the second charging current to the EVs at the second charging station prior to completion of said charging the EVs at the second charging station in response to determining that the other EV at the first charging station is receiving the third charging current on the first channel; and the first controller again turning on the power to the second channel and again providing the second charging current to the EVs at the second charging station in the round-robin fashion in response to determining that the third charging current current is no longer being provided to the other EV at the first charging station. 